5個のトピックの1個目は、Should science research be funded by the government? といった内容だったとおもいます。一字一句の正確性はありませんが。他の4つはさっとみましたが覚えていません。肯定的な意見をいうことに決めて、BECAUSEのあとに続ける理由を一つ考えたところで1分たち、スピーチをすることに。本来なら2つ3つポイントをつくって、各々に具体例を2つ3つ入れて構成するのがいいだろうという作戦だったのですが、ダラダラしゃべってお終いになってしまいました。Is that all?と聞かれて、短すぎたかな?とあせりましたが、ほかにしゃべりたいことを思いつかず、YES.と答えました。Q&Aタイムにそのままダラダラ突入。いちおうコミュニケーションという意味では問題なかったとおもいますが、論理構成がなかったスピーチがちょっと評価低いだろうなとおもいます。
英検は社会問題、環境問題、国際問題などのトピックはよく取り上げられます。What can be done to help solve the world wide fresh water shortage? (世界的な水不足の問題をどのように解決することが可能か?)は旺文社の問題集にあったトピックですが、2011年にIs it acceptable to treat water as a private commodity?というトピックが出題されているようですし、水に関する問題は日頃から考えておくのが良いでしょう。
Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available fresh water resources to meet water demand. (Water_scarcity)
The essence of global water scarcity is the geographic and temporal mismatch between freshwater demand and availability.(Water_scarcity)
Climate change, such as altered weather-patterns (including droughts or floods), deforestation, increased pollution, and wasteful use of water can cause insufficient supply.(Water_scarcity)
Physical water scarcity results from inadequate natural water resources to supply a region’s demand, and economic water scarcity results from poor management of the sufficient available water resources. (Water_scarcity)
Economic water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in infrastructure or technology to draw water from rivers, aquifers or other water sources, or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand for water. (Water_scarcity)
Large parts of Africa suffer from economic water scarcity; developing water infrastructure in those areas could therefore help to reduce poverty. (Water_scarcity)
the human right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for personal and domestic use (Water_scarcity)
Water demand globally is projected to increase by 55% between 2000 and 2050.
Much of the demand is driven by agriculture, which accounts for 70% of global freshwater use, and food production will need to grow by 69% by 2035 to feed the growing population.
Of the world’s major aquifers (gravel and sand-filled underground reservoirs)(帯水層;地下水が蓄えられている地層), 21 out of 37 are receding, from India and China to the United States and France.
Some hypothesise that increased water shortages around the world will lead to wars.
The key was putting a price on water and making it a tradable commodity.
Another ‘gold standard’ is Israel, which views water availability as a national security issue.
By recycling effluent water(排水), including household sewage(下水), the Shafdan Wastewater Treatment Facility near Tel Aviv supplies approximately 140,000,000 cubic metres of water per year for agricultural use, covering 50,000 acres of irrigated (灌漑)land.
Israel is also a global leader in desalination(脱塩;淡水化)– turning seawater into potable drinking water.
A simpler and cheaper solution is rainwater capture.
水不足問題の解決に関してはTEDでも議論されています。
A Global Solution to Water Scarcity(59秒)
下の動画は募金に関する内容。
Solving the water crisis | Olivia Andersen & Maria Oszova Johnson | TEDxTacoma
飲料水は英語でdrinking water または portable water。海水を脱塩して淡水化する方法の動画。
How Seawater Desalination Works
英検の2次試験では、インターネットがらみのトピックは頻出です。旺文社の問題集に掲載されていたトピック:In what ways has the Internet made young people more vulnerable?(どのような点でインターネットは若者を脆弱にしたか)。ネットでのいじめの問題、少女が大人の男に騙されてデートしたり、みだらな行為を強要されたり、といったニュースを頻繁に目にしますので、そういった内容でまとめればいいと思います。
参考になりそうな英語のサイトや英語表現を紹介します。
インターネットが少年少女にとって危険な場所であるということを述べる表現
The Internet is becoming an increasingly dangerous place for children and teenagers whose online profiles often attract aggressive sexual predators. (amp-632111.pdf)
Many parents and carers worry about their children beingat risk online, especially about the possibilities of grooming and sexual exploitation. (parentinfo.org)
どのような種類の危険があるのかについて
Personal information posted online can lead to abductions and sexual exploitation of children. (amp-632111.pdf)
With most young people using mobile phones and the Internet on a regular basis, cyber bullying has increased in recent years. (europa.eu)